What is a firewall and how does it function in marine cybersecurity?

A firewall is a critical component of cybersecurity, especially within the context of marine environments where network integrity and safety are paramount. Its primary function is to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. Essentially, a firewall acts as a barrier between trusted internal networks and untrusted external networks, such as the internet.

In marine cybersecurity, where sensitive data and systems are often at risk due to threats such as cyberattacks, the presence of a firewall helps protect navigational systems, communication tools, and other essential services from unauthorized access and malicious activities. By filtering traffic, a firewall can prevent harmful data packets from entering the marine network, thus maintaining safe operations and protecting critical infrastructure.

The other options describe different aspects of cybersecurity but do not accurately define the role of a firewall. While encryption is crucial for protecting data, it is not the primary function of a firewall. Monitoring tools for user access play a different role focused on user activity rather than traffic control. Similarly, antivirus software specifically targets malware and does not encompass the broader traffic management functions that a firewall provides. Therefore, option C is the appropriate choice as it aligns directly with the fundamental operations and purpose of a firewall in the realm of cybersecurity, especially for marine safety personnel.