What is "network segmentation," and how does it enhance security?

Network segmentation refers to the practice of dividing a larger network into smaller, isolated segments or sub-networks. This approach enhances security by creating barriers that contain potential breaches within a specific segment, thus preventing unauthorized access to the entire network.

By limiting the scope of access, if a cyber attack occurs in one segment, it can be effectively contained, reducing the risk of the attack spreading to other parts of the network. Additionally, network segmentation allows organizations to enforce stricter access controls tailored to the specific needs of each segment, ensuring that only authorized users can access sensitive data or critical systems. This not only bolsters the overall security posture but also aids in compliance with various regulatory requirements concerning data protection.

The other options presented do not align with the definition and benefits of network segmentation. Creating a backup of network data, reporting cyber incidents, and providing unrestricted access are practices that do not specifically address the segmentation of a network to enhance its security against potential threats.