What is the difference between a threat and a vulnerability?

A threat is best understood as a potential danger that can exploit a vulnerability to cause harm or damage. It represents anything that can potentially lead to an adverse event, such as a cyber attack, natural disaster, or any other harmful occurrence. In contrast, a vulnerability refers to a weakness or gap in a system's defenses that can be exploited by a threat. This could be anything from outdated software, insufficient security protocols, or human error that might allow an adversary to gain unauthorized access or cause damage.

Recognizing the distinction between threats and vulnerabilities is crucial in cybersecurity. Effective security measures involve identifying both potential threats and existing vulnerabilities in order to minimize risks and protect marine safety operations. Understanding this relationship helps personnel prioritize their training and focus on mitigating vulnerabilities while being aware of potential threats that could exploit them.