Which of the following demonstrates two different categories of authentication methods?

The correct answer showcases two distinct categories of authentication methods: something you have and something you are. A fingerprint scanner falls under biometrics, which is an authentication method based on physical characteristics unique to an individual, such as fingerprints. This is an example of something you are.

On the other hand, a token represents something you have, which can be a physical device or a software-based token generated for authentication purposes. Together, these methods underscore a robust security approach by combining factors from different categories—biometric verification and possession-based security.

The other options, while they involve authentication, do not exemplify two different categories. For instance, a password and a username are both knowledge-based factors; an email confirmation and a phone call both require knowledge or access to contact details rather than distinct authentication categories; and a QR code along with an ID card, though they involve possession, do not encompass a broader range of authentication types.